Mirror plastic panels. They are designed for indoor decoration surfaces and can be applied to different scenery works in the lobby of hotels, restaurants, villas, bars, discotheques and many other areas. Decorative panels are a mirror of polystyrene slabs, covered with a protective plastic film and can be as toned as well as SLR. This material is easily cut, close, causing him texts. The surface can be completely smooth, and an integral (from a variety of tiles and strips). These panels sufficiently flexible and can be used when facing such as columns, pylons and other elements with rounded surfaces. The market represented a wide range of colors and drawings, including holographic panels specifically for bars and discos. These panels are used as a ceiling, in which case they stacked on top of the hanging system.
     Acoustic panel. Acoustic finishing panel helped create in a room comfortable, in terms of acoustics, atmosphere. It produces acoustic panels from finishing a particularly dense fiberglass. They may be with untreated surface or painted. The panels may be different thicknesses. Decorative finishing panels of this type are easy to mount in the use of necessary components “of wooden bars”: angular skirting-board internal, external angular skirting-board, T-shaped skirting-board and lower skirting-board. Also used “a system of metal bars.” The system of acoustic wall panels is a complete system - does not require further treatment, an isolated, lining wallpaper, etc.
     Sheets of cork. Cork called bubble plant tissue (flexible bubbles: from 30 to 42 million in 1 cm3) or bark of cork oak - a typical tree (family chestnut) Western Mediterranean.
The honeycomb structure of cork fabric and the nature of cell walls attached cork remarkable properties of materials, causing their widespread use: the ease, flexibility, strength, durability (alters its properties in 100 years to 5%), poor acoustic conductivity and thermal conductivity.

Wooden panels (panels of wood and panels, veneered with natural veneer). Modern methods of processing wood extended its service and maintain hygienic and aesthetic dignity. Personal veneer panels of hard and soft wood specially selected for quality and appearance. First wrong veneer is reinforced on the spot. After that veneer is connected with a continuous panel under the temperature and pressure in a hot press. The panel polished smooth before painting and decoration, beautiful and then after causing a protective layer, which is dried in an oven, again polished.
     Panels on the basis of substitutes for wood (wood products). There are several types of plates, which serve as the basis for decorative finishing panels.
     Cookers MDF - the most modern changed fiberboard. For the production of chipboard and wood used various synthetic resin and, more recently, many manufacturers produce plates with low-and no-formaldehyde, which is harmful to human health.
     There are also panels on the basis of DSP, which is the source material wood chips, which fibers compressed into a single whole by its own adhesives - lignin. The production of such plates is not used harmful to the health of glue. Cookers DSP can be finished textiles or high-quality paper or vinyl wallpaper, which are glued to the plate with the help special glue. Such decorative panels provide a good heat and sound insulation, improve acoustics in the room. On the Russian market group panels on the basis of wood substitutes represented by the following companies: OSMO, HDM, KRONOSPAN, BS, KOSCHE, KLAS-’, ATEH, AGNES, ONE-STEP, etc.

Among the materials for interior design premises occupy a large place facing decorative panels.
     Now the market has a very large number of panels, each of which possesses certain decorative and operational qualities. In doing so it makes sense to pay attention not only on decorativeness plating, but also on how this kind of panels is mounted. The best option for any panels - is a necessary set of panels complete with additional elements: rake, skirting and other details.
     Using the variety of options deco wall panels you can create a different style songs. There are many options for drawing surface panels: imitation wood, natural stone, and other tissues. heets, imitating natural stone (marble, malachite, granite, lapis lazuli, onyx, ruby, etc.), unlike other types of panels have large size and mounted on a massive wooden or metal frame.
Decorative finishing panels are divided into:
Water-resistant:
* Panels of wood; panel with plywood-to natural veneer (there is only because of quality wood leading manufacturers, which has a special
* Cover, for example, wax);
* Surface laminated film, painted in different colors, such panels may have coverage as the one or two sides;
* Surface is covered with plastic;
* Basis panel-orgalit (DVP, MDF) or plastic (PVC)
Not humidity:
In shape and size decorative panels are:
* Sheet - the size of 122×244 cm, 260×100 cm, 200×100 cm, 130×100 cm, 260×490 cm, 130×49 cm, 128×98 cm, 260×98 cm);
* Dial (width from 10 to 30 cm in length from 2.5 m to 6 m);
* Tile (ZOh30 cm size, 30×60 cm, 15×60 cm, 98×98 cm, 98×49 cm)

Fire glazing does not include not only special glass, but the entire structure: the frame, fastening elements, etc. To determine the fire materials tested in the laboratory. Measured properties of the material, such as, flammability, the ability to enhance the flames, burning speed, and has the ability to melt or smoke, etc.

     According to the results of tests materials relate to one of the categories:
Fire:
* Non
* Impermeable
* Difficult Fuels
Normal:
* Fire
* Flammable
* Extremely flammable
Fire glass is divided into classes:
1. Class E - provides overall protection against flame and hot gases;
2. Class I - provides protection from high temperatures;
3. Class R - highly stable glass;
4. Class W - refractory glass, etc.
     Thus, if the glass provides protection against the flames and gases within 30 minutes. His mark E30; if the glass and provides additional protection from high temperatures, it is indicated EI30, etc.

Thanks to modern technology of production, processing and installation of glass can reach the necessary impact strength and security. The level of impact is determined by 2 basic factors:
 • the impact force;
 • maximum area of application of force of impact.
     In every country there are standards that define the required level of impact glass constructions on the basis of these factors.
     By the impact glazing is reinforced, heat-hardened, reinforced plastic and laminated glass.
There are several levels of impact required (falling under the relevant standards):
* Safely glass (excluding the risk of damage to rights in the event of splitting) - especially important when designing glass roofs and fences;
* Protection from vandalism and partitions (standard level of protection);
* Protection from vandalism and partitions (enhanced protection includes protection against certain types of weapons, and heavy objects - hammer, axe);
* Bullet protective glass (protection against gun);
* Bullet reinforced protective glass (protection of AKM, rifles).
Window frames and glazing installation method is also playing an important role when it is necessary to ensure the impact of construction.

The power of sound is described by its intensity or pressure (Pa). Normally, using the notion of the level or intensity of sound pressure are translated into logarithmic scale, starting from the threshold of human hearing. The level of intensity is called a “volume”, measured in dB.
     Pitch describes the sound frequency fluctuations. Man hears the sound within 16-20000 Hz. Architectural Acoustics usually exploring the range of 50-5000 Hz. Frequency range is divided into octaves. If you raise one octave frequency sound doubles.
     The property of materials to absorb sound waves describes the sound insulation factor of R. It can be calculated on the basis of laboratory measurements. Knowing R materials used in construction, the designer can achieve the desired downward noise inside the building.
     In building acoustics usually take into account the 2 types of noise:
* “Pink noise”, which force sound the same at all audible frequencies of the spectrum - C;
* “Traffic noise”, ie usual busy highway noise – Ctr.
     Depending on the configuration and installation of windows, it absorbs sound high, medium or low frequencies. Best soundproofing achieved when construction is absorbing the sounds of those frequencies at which the maximum noise. Until recently, when designing glazing does not take into account all the characteristics of the source of noise that often lead to costly attempts to satisfy all the conditions soundproofing. To delete it, was introduced crude soundproofing Rw (C, Ctr), where C, Ctr - correction factors. Ctr used when the main source of noise - Highway. In other cases, used the coefficient C ( “pink noise”). Deterioration factors indicated a negative number, in dB, and takes away from the famous facade Rw or glazing, which ultimately determines the desired sound insulation and construction.

Solar radiation consists of: UV rays - 3%, infra-red radiation - 55% of visible light - 44%. UV rays have long 0,28-0,38 nm visible light - 0,38-0,78 nm, infra-red radiation - 0,78-2,5 nm.
     When solar radiation falls on the glass, it is partly reflected, partially offset by the glass, partly passes through glass. The number of acquisitions and missed the reflected light depends on the thickness of glass, its color and properties and the availability of additional cover. Each type of glass has its own absorption rate, reflection and bandwidth, which are calculated in accordance with the standards, and apply for lengths of light waves from 0.3 to 2.5 nm.
     Sunny factor - the total number of thermal energy from solar radiation (in%), hitting a room through a window. Sunny factor equal to the sum of a missing glass thermal energy and heat emitted glass, absorbed earlier.
     Solar energy, hit the room, first absorbed interior, and then allocated in the form of thermal energy infra-red (more than 5 microns) range. Even ordinary float glass for virtually non-radiation with a wavelength. As a result, energy is “caught in the trap” in the room. Staying in a room, his energy heats, creating a “greenhouse effect”.
     To prevent overheating of the premises must be: to ensure normal ventilation; using curtains (in a manner that did not lead to the risk of thermal shock); use sun glasses, it allows only a certain length of light waves.
    

* Density - 2.5 (2.5 kg/m2)
* Resisted pressure - 1000 N/mm2 = 1000 MPa. This means that in order to crush 1 cm3 glass, it is necessary to load o weighing 10 tons.
* Tensile fault: if resisted pressure from the glass high, the tensile strength fault much lower. The resistance of glass at fault: for ordinary glass - 40 MPa (N/mm2); for tempered glass - 120-200 MPa (N/mm2), depending on thickness, processing province, the availability of openings, etc.
* Elasticity: glass is very elastic material, it is not subject to any deformation until destruction. But glass is very delicate and instantly broken when excessive external impact.
     The thermal shock: Because glass has low thermal conductivity, uneven heating or cooling sheet glass leads to tension in the material (thermal shock). This may cause destruction of glass.
     When the glass is set to frame its tread edges closed from solar radiation. This may lead to differences in temperature glass, and to its destruction. The risk of thermal shock is reduced when the sun is used glass.
     The special hardening against the glass to withstand the thermal shock allows the difference in temperature S. 150-200. Features lighting depending on the direction of the façade.
      Premises that go north, in fact, do not receive direct sunlight. But the quality of coverage of such rooms almost constantly, so the window studios of artists usually focused on the north. Glazing with selective energy-saving glass windows help reduce heat in such spaces, even in winter. Southern premises have the maximum number of sunlight in winter (when the sun is low), which helps keep heat in the room. In summer, the southern facade same windows can be shaded by request curtains or blinds.

    In the construction of glass used the following composition:
* Quartz - raw materials, in the form of sand (70-72%);
* Soda, catalyst reaction, carbonates and sulfates (about 14%);
* Lime, stabilizer, in the form of firm (about 10%);
* Some other oxides - aluminum, magnesium, used to improve the physical properties of glass, including resistance to atmospheric pollution.
In stained glass in the mass could be included other metal oxides.
     A mixture of commodity components (which is added to lower the temperature of the glass melting point) is charged in the furnace and diluted with water to separate the desired components from dirt.
     In the process of manufacture of glass furnace runs 3 main stages:
* Melting, when the raw material melts at a temperature of 1550 ° C
* Clearance when molten glass becomes uniform and from the gas bubbles are removed;
* Change in temperature when cooled to melt viscous condition.
    Liquid glass leads to the surface bathtubs filled with molten tin at a temperature of about 1000 ° C. Bath made in the form of tapes, the thickness of 6-7 mm tin. Thanks to the high viscosity of glass it is not mixed with liquid tin, while ensuring a smooth contact surface of both materials, and that determines the quality of flat glass surface. Thickness future depends on how many pieces of glass in real bath melt glass.

The fact is that the transfer of bathtubs, toilets, washing installation, dishwashers, heaters requires a different approach extremely cautious because of potential problems with the sewage.
     Let me clarify that sewage - is a system for the treatment of waste water. The principle of the ordinary, familiar to us all sewage system is based on the evacuation of dirty water under the influence of normal gravity. The water just goes down the risers - sufficient diameter pipe. In doing so, waste water are divided into “black” - from toilets, as well as “grey” - from wash basins, bathtubs, sinks, household appliances.
     Obviously, the correct, “safety” sewer work can be ensured only if the location of the discharge openings plumbing devices or household appliances above the entrance to the risers.
Another relatively recent business premises “decorated” bulky cast iron monsters. Now in the construction of luxury housing from the interior rid of such details, for example, through the use of metal-plastic and plastic pipes. At the construction market represented such PVC pipes - they are used in domestic sewage networks. Systems of polyethylene and polypropylene used in the systems of cold and hot drinking water and sewage systems and technology.
    Always keep in mind that the pipe on which the waste of life “away” from the flats, should be sufficiently large diameter. Now imagine that the owner thought rearrange sanitary ware, “slide” bath away from the reservoir. It is sure to face a problem: how to avoid debris in a long tube, which will drag on until the bath risers. And not necessarily move the bath or sink to face these difficulties. Typically, bathtubs and toilets in standard houses are small in size, and a dishwasher or washing them in place, often simply nowhere. That’s put homeowners units away from water sources, and its drainage problem no one, however, not abolished.